Using Systematic Observation to Evaluate Physical Activity Levels and Training Context in anadian Minor Ice Hockey Practices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines suggest that children and youth participate in sports to increase physical activity (PA) levels; yet little evidence exists about the amount of PA taking place within a sport practice session. The objective of this study was to measure the PA levels of novice, atom and peewee aged children participating in minor ice hockey. PA levels and practice context were recorded using the System for Observing Hockey Opportunities (SOHO). Sixty practices were observed in four different hockey associations. Observed practice time PA mainly fell into the “standing” category (47.8%), however, 52.1% of practice time was spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; gliding and skating combined). Observed practice time context consisted mainly of skill development (62.5%). There was a significant difference in MVPA between the age categories (mean percent of time in MVPA: novice = 55.8%; atom = 55.9%; peewee = 46.2%; p = 0.048). Significant differences by age existed in player management time with novice and atom players experiencing the highest proportion (median: novice = 12%; atom = 12%; peewee = 10.5%; p = 0.023). Providing sport-specific PA evidence creates a basis of support for participating in sports to increase PA levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".