P4‐596: LONGITUDINAL SEX DIFFERENCES IN GRAY MATTER ATROPHY FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has been reported to disproportionately affect women; women have greater risk of development and also undergo a greater cognitive decline. While male brains have been reported to degenerate faster in normal aging, whether the female brain presents a trend of greater neurodegeneration in AD remains to be explored. Healthy controls (HC) and AD subjects at baseline and upto two years were analyzed from two publicly available datasets - Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) [Baseline- HC: 423, AD: 330, follow up- HC: 1191, AD: 536] and Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing (AIBL) [Baseline- HC: 319, AD: 72]. Regression models were used to study sex differences, controlling for age, intracranial volume and scanner effects. At baseline, bilateral cerebellum and amygdala showed statistically significant (p < 0.05 )difference due to sex in HC, with males having greater volumes. In AD, only right cerebellum showed a significant difference due to sex. Longitudinal analysis revealed a greater decrease in volumes for males in HC and females in AD. Additional analyses investigated the effect of APOE4 gene on subcortical volumes in AD and HC across the two sexes. At baseline, HC APOE4 carriers showed no significant differences in subcortical volumes than non carriers, however, in AD, L-hippocampus volume was significantly lower in carriers (p < 0.05). Greater longitudinal volume loss was observed in APOE4 carriers in AD, whereas non carriers in HC showed a greater volume loss over time. APOE4 did not have any significant interaction with sex in both groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the differential rate of neurodegeneration for males and females in AD and HC group. The present study demonstrated a significant effect of sex between HC and AD groups, with differences seen in baseline volumes and rates of longitudinal neurodegeneration. From our study, we observed a switch in the neurodegenerative process between the two sexes, where male brains degenerated faster in normal aging, as opposing to AD pathology, where female brains degenerated faster. Additionally, APOE-4 was a significant predictor of baseline hippocampal volume and the longitudinal volume loss in AD.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".