Hepatocellular carcinoma screening practices among patients with chronic hepatitis B by Canadian gastroenterologists and hepatologists: An online survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Expert guidelines recommend hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance among patients with high-risk chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, physician screening practices are often variable. METHODS: An online survey of HCC screening practice was distributed to members of the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests with p < .05 significance. RESULTS: Of 71 respondents, 86% ( n = 61) were gastroenterologists or hepatologists, and 72% ( n = 51) reported having been in clinical practice for more than 5 years. A significant number of survey respondents performed HCC screening without consideration of concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (50.7%); non-Asian, non-African ethnicity (46.4%); and family history of HCC (28.6%). Most (67.6%) performed screening with ultrasound (US) at the time of specialty clinic visits, 28.2% had an automatic recall system, and only 2.8% referred back to primary care physicians to organize screening. More than half (54.9%) included alpha-fetoprotein in screening. Obstacles to screening included lack of an automatic recall system (42.9%), patient non-compliance (30.0%), and limited US/MRI access (17.1%). CONCLUSIONS: HCC screening practices with hepatitis B patients vary widely among Canadian specialists, especially in unique populations with limited data to inform screening recommendations. Implementation of an automatic recall system could potentially increase HCC surveillance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".