Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and cancer mortality in Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
TPS 684: Long-term health effects of air pollutants 1, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 26, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background: A number of studies have linked long-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) with mortality, but evidence on cancer mortality is limited. We evaluated the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and all-cause and site-specific cancer mortality in Japan. Methods: A cohort of 75,531 participants underwent basic health checkups in Okayama City in 2006 or 2007. We followed the participants until the end of 2016. Average PM2.5 levels from 2006 to 2010 were obtained from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group at Dalhousie University and assigned to the participants by geographical location. We used the Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios for a 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels for all-cause and site-specific cancer mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased risk of cancer mortality; the hazard ratios were 1.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.16, 1.62) for mortality from all causes, 1.83 (1.13, 2.98) for gastric cancer mortality, 2.47 (1.45, 4.20) for liver cancer mortality, and 1.59 (1.11, 2.30) for lung cancer mortality. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 can increase the risk of all-cause and site-specific cancer mortality in Japan. We will further examine the effects of other pollutants on mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".