Settlement of juvenile glass sponges and other invertebrate cryptofauna on the Hecate Strait glass sponge reefs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Glass sponge reefs are endemic to the continental shelf waters of British Columbia and Alaska, where they form complex three‐dimensional habitats used by a variety of commercially important fish and invertebrate species. The Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs Marine Protected Area (HSQCS‐MPA) was designated in February 2017 to protect 2,410 km 2 of reef habitat. Efforts to establish baseline information regarding reef‐associated taxa in the new MPA have documented the diversity of megafauna in detail, but little is understood of the cryptic epifauna inhabiting hidden crevices within the reefs, and even less is understood of larval recruitment, the key reproductive process maintaining long‐term reef health and stability. We collected specimens of a reef‐building glass sponge, Farrea occa , from the HSQCS‐MPA and described the diversity of their epifauna. Five hundred and two organisms from six phyla were documented, including 84 sponges from three classes. We found several glass sponges: known juvenile reef builders (two Aphrocallistes vastus and two Heterochone calyx ); the lyssacine sponge Leucopsacus scoliodocus , previously known in Canadian waters only from Jervis Inlet; and an unidentified dictyonine sponge previously unknown to waters of British Columbia. Also present were the carnivorous sponge Lycopodina occidentalis , 11 individuals of Desmacella austini , evidence for a new species in the subgenus Haliclona ( Flagellia ), and a clathrinid calcareous sponge. The growth stages we observed suggest multiple settlement events by glass sponge larvae between February and early March. Of the 502 invertebrates, 460 were attached to dead sponge skeleton despite live tissue being much more available as substrate. This study highlights trends in recruitment at sponge reefs, explores factors that may affect larval settlement, describes new sponge associations, and provides the first description of the range of macrofauna found on glass sponges, acting as a baseline for continued monitoring of the MPA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".