Hand Grip Strength in Relation to Blood Levels of Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Selenium, and Manganese Among Adults Living in the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
TPS 636: Metals and health 2, Johan Friso Foyer, Floor 1, August 28, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background/Aim: Exposure to lead, mercury and cadmium have been associated with neuromotor deficits, whereas for the essential elements selenium and manganese, both deficiency and excess can result in decreased neuromotor function. Data is lacking to determine whether such risks – deficiency or excess – are present in the general population. We aimed to investigate associations between hand grip strength and blood lead, mercury, manganese, cadmium, and selenium concentrations. Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014), on 6199 participants ages 20-79y, with generalized regression models for complex survey sample to assess associations between the afore-mentioned elements and grip strength, adjusting age, education, race/ethnicity, income-to-poverty ratio, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol. We analyzed lead, mercury, and cadmium as log10-concentrations, and selenium and manganese as quintiles to examine non-linear associations (i.e., inverse U-shaped curve). Results: Mean hand grip strength was 57.0 Kg (standard deviation, 11.0) in women and 88.9 Kg (SD, 17.8) in men. Blood lead was associated with poorer grip strength in women (β for 10-fold increase, -2.4 Kg; 95%CI: -4.2, -0.5), and blood cadmium with poorer grip strength in men (β, -2.3; 95%CI: -4.5, -0.2). Mercury was associated with better grip strength in men (β, 2.0; 95% CI: 0.5, 3.5). No evidence of non-linear association was observed for manganese and grip strength. Men and women with selenium in the lowest quintile had lower grip strength than those in the middle quintile (differenceq1-q3, -1.3; 95%CI: -2.6, -0.06, and -2.6; 95%CI: -5.1, -0.1, respectively). Conclusions: Even at the low concentrations observed in the U.S. population, blood lead and cadmium were associated with weaker grip strength; associations differed by sex. The association observed for mercury might be due to uncontrolled confounding. Finally, our findings are suggestive of deficiency in selenium being associated with poorer neuromotor function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".