Numerical modelling and experimental validation of pcm-to-air heat exchangers: application of ventilated building envelopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The earlier applications of phase change material (PCM)-to-Air heat exchangers (PAHXs) reported the insufficient cooling charging energy due to system storage abilities, the profile of inlet air temperature, and the charging duration. This paper proposes a developed PAHX system for building envelope applications utilizing both convective and long-wave radiative heat transfer components. A 2D numerical model was proposed utilizing an apparent heat capacity method to represent the PCM latent thermal storage developing both convective and radiative thermal boundaries. The radiative component was developed to study the effect of the system exposure to the night-time sky during the PCM solidification period. The convective component was comprehensively developed mainly between the storage medium (PCM) and the air channel. A real-scale prototype was constructed for the whole model experimental validation. Field experiments were designed and conducted in the warm temperate climate of Lyon, France during summer. The validation criteria were proposed based on ASHRAE guideline 14. The results of the comparison between simulated data and experimentally obtained data showed that the system temperature was within the accepted range of the proposed criteria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".