Synergic Effect of GaO <sup>+</sup> /Brønsted Acid in Hierarchical Ga/Al-ZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalysts for 1-Hexene Aromatization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nano-Ga/Al-ZSM-5 zeolites are synthesized by the in situ isomorphous substitution method (I-series) and a secondary synthesis method in a Ga(NO3)3/NH4F solution (S-series). The effects of the Ga incorporation approach on the texture, acidity, and catalytic behavior of 1-hexene aromatization are studied in this work. The reaction stability of the Ga/Al-ZSM-5 catalysts is notably enhanced compared with that of the pristine ZSM-5; this difference is mainly due to the improved mesoporosity and weakened Brønsted acidity. Moreover, the uniform intracrystalline mesopores generated in the secondary synthesized samples effectively promote active GaO+ species in closer proximity to the acidic protons, thus leading to stronger Lewis acid sites (LAS). Therefore, the S-2 sample prepared by secondary synthesis in a high concentration of Ga(NO3)3/NH4F solution exhibited higher BTX selectivity because of the greater synergic effect and higher dehydrogenation activity of the GaO+/Brønsted acid coordination centers in 1-hexene aromatization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".