Karst and hazards lands Mitigation: some guidelines for geological and geotechnical investigations in Ontario karst terrains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mandate of the Ontario Geological Survey is to provide citizens and institutions of Ontario with accurate and objective earth science knowledge about Ontario, in order to sustain and support quality of life, economic prosperity, environmental quality, and public health and safety. The OGS does not comment on best practices or recommended approaches for reviewing and approving changes to landuse or development applications in karst terrains. Various Ontario ministries - the Ontario Geological Survey (MNDM) and the Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry (MNRF), Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH), and Agriculture and Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) have been reviewing existing policies related to land-use and development throughout southern Ontario and Manitoulin Island to update hazard lands guidelines, nutrient management practices and to develop best practices documents for various forms of development in karst terrains. The main purpose of the Ontario Geological Survey Karst Mitigation field-based research is to provide a more comprehensive summary of the kinds of geoscience field work and data sets that could be integrated into field-based studies in order to address gaps in the current guidelines framework (e.g., Natural Hazards Technical Guidance documents for use with the current Ontario Provincial Policy Statement). A "best practices" approach to addressing karst hazards should be carried out in a staged manner, one that involves a general geologic- and geomorphologic-data-gathering desktop investigation (Phase 1 study) that would progress to a more detailed field-based study (Phase 2) to quantify and qualify identified karst terrain hazards (i.e., progress from Phase 1- to Phase 2-level site investigation depending upon nature of land use or development project being proposed). An overview of proposed best practices for investigating karst hazards in Ontario and an innovative "toolkit" for investigating karst-influenced groundwater flow zones will be reviewed in this presentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.029 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.012 | 0.016 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".