Increase in Gonorrhea Incidence Associated With Enhanced Partner Notification Strategy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Partner notification services for reportable sexually transmitted infections vary based on jurisdiction, resources, type of infection, and whether an outbreak has been reported. The objective of this study was to determine whether case finding increased after implementation of enhanced notification and follow-up activities for contacts of cases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Central Zone, the largest health authority in Nova Scotia, Canada. METHODS: Enhanced contact tracing by public health professionals was implemented in May 2015. N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) was conducted on all positive specimens. Epidemiologic and NG-MAST information for reported gonorrhea cases were captured and analyzed. Case numbers, rates, and NG-MAST results in the preintervention and postintervention periods were compared. Laboratory testing data were extracted and analyzed for association with reported incidence. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the number of reported gonorrhea cases per month when comparing the preintervention and postintervention periods. The reported gonorrhea rate in 2016 was 2.9 times that in 2014. This increase was not associated with changes in testing rates and was more pronounced among women than men. Larger groups of cases sharing the same NG-MAST profiles were detected postintervention. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an enhanced contact tracing program for N. gonorrhoeae resulted in increased case finding and a notable increase in the reported rate of cases per 100,000 population. Owing to these findings, the practice of enhanced partner notification was continued as standard public health practice in Central Zone. An understanding of case finding efforts is required when interpreting observed trends in rates of N. gonorrhoeae, as early infection is highly asymptomatic in women and can be asymptomatic in men.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".