High-Fructose Diet-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated With Enhanced Hepatic Expression of ACAT2 in Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High levels of fructose induce hypertriglyceridemia, characterized by excessive levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL); however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this short communication was to examine hepatic changes in the expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism in rats with hypertriglyceridemia induced by high-fructose or high-glucose diets. Rats were fed a 65 % (w/w) glucose diet or a 65 % (w/w) fructose diet for 12 days. Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL+LDL-cholesterol, hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, and ACAT2 expression at the gene and protein levels were significantly higher in the fructose diet group compared to the glucose diet group. The hepatic levels of Abcg5/8 were lower in the fructose group than in the glucose group. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and hepatic expression levels of Hmgcr, Ldlr, Acat1, Mttp, Apob, and Cyp7a1 did not differ significantly between groups. These findings suggest that high-fructose diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased hepatic ACAT2 expression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".