Two Loci, RiAF3 and RiAF4, Contribute to the Annual-Fruiting Trait in Rubus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most Rubus species have a biennial cycle of flowering and fruiting with an intervening period of winter dormancy, in common with many perennial fruit crops. Annual-Fruiting varieties of raspberry (R. idaeus and R. occidentalis L.) and blackberry (R. subgenus Rubus) are able to flower and fruit in one growing season, without the intervening dormant period normally required in Biennial-Fruiting (BF) varieties. We used a red raspberry (R. idaeus) population segregating for AF obtained from a cross between NC493 and ‘Chilliwack’ to identify genetic factors controlling AF. Genotyping by sequencing was used to generate saturated linkage maps in both parents. Trait mapping in this population indicated that AF is controlled by two newly identified loci (RiAF3 and RiAF4) located on Rubus linkage groups (LGs) 3 and 4. The location of these loci was analyzed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers on independent red raspberry and blackberry populations segregating for the AF trait. This confirmed that AF in Rubus is regulated by loci on LG 3 and 4, in addition to a previously reported locus on LG 7. Comparative RNAseq analysis at the time of floral bud differentiation in an AF and a BF variety revealed candidate genes potentially regulating the trait.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".