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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
Andrea Cossarizza, Hyun‐Dong Chang, Andreas Radbruch, Andreas Acs, Dieter Adam, Sabine Adam‐Klages, William W. Agace, Nima Aghaeepour, Mübeccel Akdiş, Matthieu Allez, Larissa N. Almeida, Giorgia Alvisi, Graham Anderson, Immanuel Andrä, Francesco Annunziato, Achille Anselmo, Petra Bächer, Cosima T. Baldari, Sudipto Bari, Vincenzo Barnaba, Joana Barros‐Martins, Luca Battistini, Wolfgang Bauer, Sabine Baumgart, Nicole Baumgarth, Dirk Baumjohann, Bianka Baying, Mary Bebawy, Burkhard Becher, Wolfgang Beisker, Vladimı́r Beneš, Rudi Beyaert, Alfonso Blanco, Dominic A. Boardman, Christian Bogdan, Jessica G Borger, Giovanna Borsellino, Philip E. Boulais, Jolene A. Bradford, Dirk Brenner, Ryan R. Brinkman, Anna E. S. Brooks, Dirk H. Busch, Martin Büscher, Timothy Bushnell, Federica Calzetti, Garth Cameron, Ilenia Cammarata, Xuetao Cao, Susanna Cardell, Stefano Casola, Marco A. Cassatella, Andrea Cavani, Antonio Celada, Lucienne Chatenoud, Pratip K. Chattopadhyay, Sue Chow, Eleni Christakou, Luka Čičin‐Šain, Mario Clerici, Federico Colombo, Laura Cook, Anne Cooke, Andrea M. Cooper, Alexandra J. Corbett, Antonio Cosma, Lorenzo Cosmi, Pierre G. Coulie, Ana Cumano, Ljiljana Cvetković, Van Duc Dang, Chantip Dang‐Heine, Martin S. Davey, Derek Davies, Sara De Biasi, Genny Del Zotto, Gelo Victoriano Dela Cruz, Michael Delacher, Silvia Della Bella, Paolo Dellabona, Günnur Deniz, Mark C. Dessing, James P. Di Santo, Andreas Diefenbach, Francesco Dieli, Andreas Dolf, Thomas Dörner, Regine J. Dress, Diana Dudziak, Michael L. Dustin, Charles‐Antoine Dutertre, Friederike Ebner, Sidonia B. G. Eckle, Matthias Edinger, Pascale Eede, Götz R. A. Ehrhardt, Marcus Eich, Pablo Engel, Britta Engelhardt, Anna Erdei, Charlotte Esser, Bart Everts, Maximilien Evrard, Christine S. Falk, Todd A. Fehniger, Mar Felipo‐Benavent, Helen Ferry, Markus Feuerer, Andrew Filby, Kata Filkor, Simon Fillatreau, Marie Follo, Irmgard Förster, John R. Foster, Gemma A. Foulds, Britta Frehse, Paul S. Frenette, Stefan Frischbutter, Wolfgang Fritzsche, David W. Galbraith, Anastasia Gangaev, Natalio Garbi, Brice Gaudillière, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, Jens Geginat, Wilhelm Gerner, Nicholas A. Gherardin, Kamran Ghoreschi, Lara Gibellini, Florent Ginhoux, Keisuke Goda, Dale I. Godfrey, Christoph Goettlinger, José M. González‐Navajas, Carl S. Goodyear, Andrea Gori, Jane L. Grogan, Daryl Grummitt, Andreas Grützkau, Claudia Haftmann, Jonas Hahn, Hamida Hammad, Günter J. Hämmerling, Leo Hansmann, Göran K. Hansson, Christopher M. Harpur, Susanne Hartmann, Andrea Hauser, Anja E. Hauser, David L. Haviland, David W. Hedley, Daniela Hernandez, Guadalupe Herrera, Martin Herrmann, Christoph Hess, Thomas Höfer, Petra Hoffmann, Kristin A. Hogquist, Tristan Holland, Thomas Höllt, Rikard Holmdahl, Pleun Hombrink, Jessica P. Houston, Bimba F. Hoyer, Bo Huang, Fang‐Ping Huang, Johanna E. Huber, Jochen Huehn, Michael Hundemer, Christopher A. Hunter, William Ying Khee Hwang, Anna Iannone, Florian Ingelfinger, Sabine Ivison, Hans‐Martin Jäck, Péter K. Jani, Beatriz Jávega, Stipan Jonjić, Toralf Kaiser, Tomáš Kalina, Thomas Kamradt, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Baerbel Keller, Steven L. C. Ketelaars, Ahad Khalilnezhad, Srijit Khan, Jan Kisielow, Paul Klenerman, Jasmin Knopf, Hui‐Fern Koay, Katja Kobow, Jay K. Kolls, Wan Ting Kong, Manfred Köpf, Thomas Korn, Katharina Kriegsmann, Hendy Kristyanto, Thomas Kroneis, Andreas Krueger, Jenny F. Kühne, Christian Kukat, Désirée Kunkel, Heike Kunze‐Schumacher, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Christian Kurts, Pia Kvistborg, Immanuel Kwok, Jonathan J. M. Landry, Olivier Lantz, Paola Lanuti, Francesca Larosa, Agnès Lehuen, Salomé LeibundGut‐Landmann, Michael D. Leipold, Leslie Y. T. Leung, Megan K. Levings, Andreia C. Lino, Francesco Liotta, Virginia Litwin, Yanling Liu, Hans‐Gustaf Ljunggren, Michael Lohoff, Giovanna Lombardi, Lilly Lopez, Miguel López‐Botet, Amy E. Lovett‐Racke, Erik Lubberts, Hervé Luche, Burkhard Ludewig, Enrico Lugli, Sebastian Lunemann, Holden T. Maecker, Laura Maggi, Orla Maguire, Florian Mair, Kerstin H. Mair, Alberto Mantovani, Rudolf A. Manz, Aaron J. Marshall, Alicia Martínez‐Romero, Glòria Martrus, Ivana Marventano, Włodzimierz Maśliński, Giuseppe Matarese, Anna Vittoria Mattioli, Christian Maueröder, Alessio Mazzoni, James McCluskey, Mairi McGrath, Helen M. McGuire, Iain B. McInnes, Henrik E. Mei, Fritz Melchers, Susanne Melzer, Dirk Mielenz, Stephen D. Miller, Kingston H. G. Mills, Hans Minderman, Jenny Mjösberg, Jonni S. Moore, Barry Moran, Lorenzo Moretta, Tim R. Mosmann, Susann Müller, Gabriele Multhoff, Luis E. Muñoz, Christian Münz, Toshinori Nakayama, Milena Nasi, Katrin Neumann, Lai Guan Ng, Antonia Niedobitek, Sussan Nourshargh, Gabriel Núñez, José‐Enrique O’Connor, Aaron Ochel, Anna E. Oja, Diana Ordonez, Alberto Órfão, Eva Orlowski‐Oliver, Wenjun Ouyang, Annette Oxenius, Raghavendra Palankar, Isabel Panse, Kovit Pattanapanyasat, Malte Paulsen, Dinko Pavlinić, Livius Penter, Pärt Peterson, Christian Peth, Jordi Pétriz, Federica Piancone, Winfried F. Pickl, Silvia Piconese, Marcello Pinti, A. Graham Pockley, Malgorzata J. Podolska, Zhiyong Poon, Katharina Pracht, Immo Prinz, Carlo Pucillo, Sally A. Quataert, Linda Quatrini, Kylie M. Quinn, Helena Radbruch, Tim Radstake, Susann Rahmig, Hans-Peter Rahn, Bartek Rajwa, Gevitha Ravichandran, Yotam Raz, Jonathan A. Rebhahn, Diether Recktenwald, Dorothea Reimer, Caetano Reis e Sousa, Ester B. M. Remmerswaal, Lisa Richter, Laura G. Rico, Andrew Riddell, Aja M. Rieger, J. Paul Robinson, Chiara Romagnani, Anna Rubartelli, Jürgen Ruland, Armin Saalmüller, Yvan Saeys, Takashi Saito, Shimon Sakaguchi, Francisco Sala‐de‐Oyanguren, Yvonne Samstag, Sharon Sanderson, Inga Sandrock, Angela Santoni, R. Bellmàs Sanz, Marina Saresella, Catherine Sautès‐Fridman, Birgit Sawitzki, Linda Schadt, Alexander Scheffold, Hans Ulrich Scherer, Matthias Schiemann, Frank A. Schildberg, Esther Schimisky, Andreas Schlitzer, Josephine Schlosser, Stephan Schmid, Steffen Schmitt, Kilian Schober, Daniel Schraivogel, Wolfgang Schuh, Thomas Schüler, Reiner Schulte, Axel Schulz, Sebastian Schulz, Cristiano Scottà, Daniel Scott‐Algara, David P. Sester, T. Vincent Shankey, Bruno Silva‐Santos, Anna Katharina Simon, Katarzyna Sitnik, Silvano Sozzani, Daniel E. Speiser, Josef Špidlen, Anders Ståhlberg, Alan M. Stall, Natalie Stanley, Regina Stark, Christina Stehle, Tobit Steinmetz, Hannes Stockinger, Yousuke Takahama, Kiyoshi Takeda, Leonard Tan, Attila Tárnok, Gisa Tiegs, Gergely Toldi, Julia Tornack, Elisabetta Traggiai, Mohamed Trebak, Timothy Tree, Joe Trotter, John Trowsdale, Maria Tsoumakidou, Henning Ulrich, Sophia Urbanczyk, Willem van de Veen, Maries van den Broek, Edwin van der Pol, Sofie Van Gassen, Gert Van Isterdael, René A. W. van Lier, Marc Veldhoen, Salvador Vento‐Asturias, Paulo Vieira, David Voehringer, Hans‐Dieter Volk, Anouk von Borstel, Konrad von Volkmann, Ari Waisman, Rachael Walker, Paul K. Wallace, Sa A. Wang, Xin Wang, Michael D. Ward, Kirsten A. Ward‐Hartstonge, Klaus Warnatz, Gary Warnes, Sarah Warth, Claudia Waskow, James Watson, Carsten Watzl, Leonie Wegener, Thomas Weisenburger, Annika Wiedemann, Jürgen Wienands, Anneke Wilharm, Robert J. Wilkinson, Gerald Willimsky, James B. Wing, Rieke Winkelmann, Thomas Winkler, Oliver F. Wirz, Alicia Y. W. Wong, Peter Wurst, Jennie H. M. Yang, Juhao Yang, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Liping Yu, Alice Yue, Hanlin Zhang, Yi Zhao, Susanne Ziegler, Christina E. Zielinski, Jakob Zimmermann, Arturo Zychlinsky
Bibliographic record
VenueEuropean Journal of Immunology · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldImmunology and Microbiology
TopicImmune Cell Function and Interaction
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaInstitute of Infection and ImmunitySimon Fraser UniversityUniversity of ManitobaPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreBC Children's HospitalUniversity of TorontoTerry Fox Research InstituteCaprion (Canada)University of British Columbia
FundersMedical Research CouncilNational Cancer InstituteLundbeckfondenNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchKennedy Trust for Rheumatology ResearchFrancis Crick InstituteNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekWellcome Trust
KeywordsFlow cytometryMass cytometrySortingBiologyCytometryComputational biologyImmunologyComputer scienceData sciencePhenotypeGenetics
Abstract
These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.021
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.031
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.055
Threshold uncertainty score0.183
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.021 | 0.031 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.055 | 0.097 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.092
GPT teacher head0.298
Teacher spread0.206 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreMethods
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations993
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes