Bibliographic record
Abstract
Light-weight coring techniques used by the GSC in recent years include coring with a modified Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) barrel and a diamond impregnated bit barrel. The modified CRREL barrel is a hollow mild steel barrel with welded double helix flight configuration. The removable shoe has replaceable tungsten carbide teeth which do the cutting. Attached to a power head, the CRREL barrel can retrieve a high-quality, continuous core in snow, ice, and fine-grained organic and mineral soils. The disadvantage of the CRREL barrel is that is does not work well in stony ground, unfrozen soils or soils with a significant unfrozen water content. In addition, the drilling process can be slow due to insufficient storage for the cuttings on the outside of the barrel limiting the length of core recoverable in a single run. A second method used by the GSC is diamond drilling, which uses a core barrel with a diamond impregnated carbide bit. Also attached to a power head, this method can cut through fine-grained soil with ice, sand, gravel, and boulders up to 20 cm in diameter. This off the shelf equipment produces a high quality continuous core. The disadvantages are that in pure ice the core tends to break into smaller segments, slowing drilling, and in warmer permafrost conditions (-2 to 0ºC) the core tends to disintegrate due to the uncemented material and frictional heat. Both methods are applicable in a wide range of terrain types, they are light-weight and easily transportable by snow machine, ATV trailer and helicopter.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".