Bibliographic record
Abstract
At a northern bleached softwood kraft (NBSK) mill in western Canada, poor settling green liquor dregs caused high non-process element levels in lime mud and white liquor pressure filter plugging. Dregs samples were collected during poor settling and normal settling conditions. Samples were examined by qualitative analysis, elemental analysis, quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersion X-ray (SEM/EDX) spectroscopy. Poor settling dregs were caused by an inorganic gelatinous material. The inorganic gel was determined to be an amorphous magnesium silicate compound of approximate composition Mg2(Si1-xAlx)O4, with a molar ratio of silicon to aluminum of approximately 5:1. The density of the inorganic gel was only slightly higher than the green liquor, causing it to settle very slowly. When calcite particles were trapped by the gel, the average density increased, which increased the settling rate. The inorganic gel was present during normal settling, but contained more aluminum (silicon to aluminum ratio of approximately 2:1). During normal settling, the gel was more dense and contained more trapped particles of calcite.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".