Broader Geographic Sampling Increases Extent of Intermediate Host Specificity for a Trematode Parasite (Notocotylidae: Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Knowledge of helminth life cycles is essential to understanding their host specificity, geographic distribution, and transmission. Many helminth life cycle descriptions are based on field collections in a limited part of the parasite's range. However, it is important to determine whether helminth life cycles and host specificity remain consistent across their geographic range so that we may better understand their life history and transmission ecology. Here, we investigated whether the life cycle of a widespread trematode, Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Notocotylidae) varies across its geographic range. Four species of planorbid snails; Gyraulus circumstriatus, Gyraulus crista, Planorbula sp., and Promenetus exacuous, were collected at 5 locations in Canada (3 in Manitoba, 2 in Northwest Territories). Snails and parasite larvae were morphologically and genetically identified to species. The total prevalence of Q. quinqueserialis infections in snail hosts among the 5 locations was 2.3% (n = 1,017). Three species of snails were infected with Q. quinqueserialis rediae: G. circumstriatus, G. crista, and P. exacuous. Two of the 3 species of snails were infected in central (Manitoba) and northern locations (Northwest Territories) within Canada, which indicates limited life cycle variation across a large geographic range. This is the first report of snails naturally infected with Q. quinqueserialis in Canada. These novel host records demonstrate that this trematode species is not as host-specific for first intermediate host species as previously described.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".