Spacetime-Modulated Metasurface for Spatial Multiplexing Communication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a metasurface that is spacetime-modulated to perform spatial multiplexing. This metasurface is made of a 2D array of patches on a grounded substrate that operates as a mirror with two phase reflection states provided by connecting or disconnecting the patches to the ground with integrated diodes controlled by an external processing unit. Each column of the metasurface is temporally-modulated by a different code from a set of orthogonal codes, which are here Hadamard-Walsh sequences. Compared to conventional spatial multiplexing, this metasurface-based multiplexing technology provides the advantage of requiring only one transmitting antenna rather than an array of antennas with complex, bulky and costly feeding network. The spacetime multiplexing metasurface is demonstrated by successfully routing two data streams to two different users located at different positions. This concept may even more immediately be applied to dynamically deflect incoming waves to different direction of space via the spacetime coding, hence providing an unprecedented technique for tunable generalized reflection - refraction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".