The concept of an ecosystem approach applied to the St. Lawrence Estuary (Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For many years, operational frameworks to guide ecosystem-based science in support of integrated marine management have been sought to address causes of marine ecosystem degradation resulting from human activities such as fisheries, industrial development, aquaculture, etc. In 2007, the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans developed several regional ecosystem research initiatives (ERI) to test and implement such approaches in order to support the integrated management of various human activities threatening ecosystem integrity. The St. Lawrence estuary, in Eastern Canada, hosted one of these ERI conducted from 2007 to 2012. The estuary is a high biological production area that supports a wide variety of human pressures and activities that might impact its integrity and sustainable use. Based on planning workshops that involved scientists as well as the main relevant managers of the region, two common priority issues were identified for the implementation of this ERI : (i) forage species responsible for the presence of blue whales in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary and (ii) characterization of the summer habitat of beluga whales in the St. Lawrence. The general objective of the St. Lawrence estuary ERI was to develop an operational framework for the coordination and integration of existing and new projects as well as ongoing monitoring programs to address several issues related to the two identified priorities and to provide integrated scientific information and advice (application of the ecosystem approach). The two themes led to an integrated scientific assessment that provided ecosystem-based advices in support of several management issues and conservation objectives at the scale of the ecosystem. Very valuable results were obtained for the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park, the implementation of recovery plans for species at risk (beluga and blue whale), and the anticipated establishment of a new marine protected area in the region. The objective of the manuscript is to describe the elements that justified the choice of the lower St. Lawrence Estuary as the study area and to present the implementation and some integrating results of the ecosystem research initiative in this region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".