Temporary hearing threshold shift in harbor seals (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) due to a one-sixth-octave noise band centered at 16 kHz
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temporary hearing threshold shifts (TTSs) were investigated in two adult female harbor seals after exposure for 60 min to a continuous one-sixth-octave noise band centered at 16 kHz (the fatiguing sound) at sound pressure levels of 128–149 dB re 1 μPa, resulting in sound exposure levels (SELs) of 164–185 dB re 1 μPa2s. TTSs were quantified at the center frequency of the fatiguing sound (16 kHz) and at half an octave above that frequency (22.4 kHz) by means of a psychoacoustic hearing test method. Susceptibility to TTS was similar in both animals when measured 8–12 and 12–16 min after cessation of the fatiguing sound. TTS increased with increasing SEL at both frequencies, but above an SEL of 174 dB re 1 μPa2s, TTS was greater at 22.4 kHz than at 16 kHz for the same SELs. Recovery was rapid: the greatest TTS, measured at 22.4 kHz 1–4 min after cessation of the sound, was 17 dB, but dropped to 3 dB in 1 h, and hearing recovered fully within 2 h. The affected hearing frequency should be considered when estimating ecological impacts of anthropogenic sound on seals. Between 2.5 and 16 kHz the species appears equally susceptible to TTS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".