Spectral Responsivity and Photoconductive Gain in Thin Film Black Phosphorus Photodetectors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have fabricated black phosphorus photodetectors and characterized their full spectral responsivity. These devices, which are effectively in the bulk thin film limit, show broadband responsivity ranging from <400 nm to the ∼3.8 μm bandgap. In the visible, an intrinsic responsivity >6 A/W can be obtained due to internal gain mechanisms. By examining the full spectral response, we identify a sharp contrast between the visible and the infrared behavior. In particular, the visible responsivity shows a large photoconductive gain and gate-voltage dependence, while the infrared responsivity is nearly independent of gate voltage and incident light intensity under most conditions. This is attributed to a contribution from the surface oxide. In addition, we find that the polarization anisotropy in responsivity along armchair and zigzag directions can be as large as 103 and extends from the band edge to 500 nm. The devices were fabricated in an inert atmosphere and encapsulated by Al2O3, providing stable operation for more than 6 months.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".