Calculation of Initial Stage of Solidified Shell Deformation during <i>γ</i> to <i>δ</i> Transformation in Mold
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solidification shell deformations within the mold during continuous casting have been calculated in order to clarify the influence of mold flux infiltration variability on the cooling rate, the width of the low heat flux region, the height of air gap, the unevenness of solidified shell, and the resulting strain in the solidified shell. A sequentially coupled thermal-mechanical finite element model has been developed to perform the calculations. The simulation includes heat transfer and shell deformation in a growing solidified shell, along with the delta-to-gamma transformation. Further, it takes into account the effects of variability in mold flux infiltration and air gap formation on heat transfer into the mold, as well as the effect of cooling rate on the thermal expansion resulting from delta-to-gamma transformation. The results showed that mild cooling and small width of low heat flux region (i.e. low variability in mold flux infiltration) strongly decrease the height of the air gap, the unevenness in the solidified shell and the strain in the solidified shell. It is confirmed that it is important to prevent the variation and optimize the cooling rate in mold flux infiltration, especially at near the meniscus region of δ to γ transformation in order to minimize longitudinal crack formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".