Evidence of volcanic activity in the growth rings of trees at the Tacaná volcano, Mexico–Guatemala border
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Volcanic activity can have a significant effect on the growth and survival of trees. The objective of our research was to analyze the effects of the 1855–1856 eruption of the Tacaná volcano and the ashfall from the 1902 eruption of the Santa María volcano, Guatemala, on the radial growth of trees at Tacaná. Dendrochronological sampling was carried out on sites covered by Pinus hartwegii Lindl., and a ring-width chronology was built using 102 increment cores from 75 trees. The ring-width chronology shows two statistically significant suppression events. One of these events occurred from 1857 to 1868 and was potentially caused by the historic eruption of Tacaná (1855–1856). The second suppression event occurred from 1903 to 1908, during which tree growth was affected 1 year after the ashfall caused by the 1902 eruption of Santa María. The growth suppression did not have the same magnitude in all sampled trees and may be related to the thickness of the ash layer deposited around each tree. For the first time, we show that tree growth at Tacaná is reduced by ashfall from volcanic eruptions. Our results may contribute to the evaluation of risks associated with the volcanic activity of the Tacaná volcano.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".