The Genetics of the Mood Disorder Spectrum: Genome-wide Association Analyses of More Than 185,000 Cases and 439,000 Controls
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: none
- Genre
- Candidate signal: ReviewConsensus signal: Review
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.523
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.758
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.298 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mood disorders (including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) affect 10% to 20% of the population. They range from brief, mild episodes to severe, incapacitating conditions that markedly impact lives. Multiple approaches have shown considerable sharing of risk factors across mood disorders despite their diagnostic distinction. METHODS: To clarify the shared molecular genetic basis of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder and to highlight disorder-specific associations, we meta-analyzed data from the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association studies of major depression (including data from 23andMe) and bipolar disorder, and an additional major depressive disorder cohort from UK Biobank (total: 185,285 cases, 439,741 controls; nonoverlapping N = 609,424). RESULTS: Seventy-three loci reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis, including 15 that are novel for mood disorders. More loci from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium analysis of major depression than from that for bipolar disorder reached genome-wide significance. Genetic correlations revealed that type 2 bipolar disorder correlates strongly with recurrent and single-episode major depressive disorder. Systems biology analyses highlight both similarities and differences between the mood disorders, particularly in the mouse brain cell types implicated by the expression patterns of associated genes. The mood disorders also differ in their genetic correlation with educational attainment-the relationship is positive in bipolar disorder but negative in major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The mood disorders share several genetic associations, and genetic studies of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder can be combined effectively to enable the discovery of variants not identified by studying either disorder alone. However, we demonstrate several differences between these disorders. Analyzing subtypes of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder provides evidence for a genetic mood disorders spectrum.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Topic
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Field
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Canadian institutions
- not available
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug AbuseNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Health and Medical Research CouncilStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad InstituteUniversity of California, San DiegoNational Institutes of HealthH. Lundbeck A/SMedical Research CouncilServierSiemens HealthineersNational Institute on AgingMinisterio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital, Gobierno de EspañaChinese Society of Clinical OncologyNovo Nordisk FondenNSW Ministry of HealthRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnVetenskapsrådetRegion HovedstadenNovo NordiskEuropean Regional Development FundUniversitat de BarcelonaKing's College LondonMax-Planck-GesellschaftStanley Medical Research InstituteBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadCenter for Individualized Medicine, Mayo ClinicDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekDepartament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de CatalunyaGeneralitat de CatalunyaSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungUniversität GreifswaldAgence Nationale de la RechercheCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchOffice of Health and Medical ResearchUniversità di BolognaAstraZenecaEuropean CommissionScottish Funding CouncilDepartment of Health and Social CareBroad InstituteQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteNorges ForskningsrådErasmus Medisch CentrumStiftelsen för Strategisk ForskningNeuroscience Research AustraliaWellcome TrustNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismStockholms Läns LandstingHøjteknologifondenU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesGlaxoSmithKlineMayo ClinicWayne and Gladys Valley FoundationDepartament de Salut, Generalitat de CatalunyaNational Science FoundationUniversity of MichiganLundbeckfondenCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud MentalEli Lilly and CompanyKaiser PermanenteState University of New YorkMaudsley CharityWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIEllison Medical FoundationJanssen Research and DevelopmentZonMwNational Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and DepressionAgència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de RecercaNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchCilagRobert Wood Johnson FoundationSunovionPfizer
- Keywords
- Genome-wide association studyAssociation (psychology)GeneticsMoodPsychologyGenetic associationClinical psychologyPsychiatryBiologyGenotypePsychotherapistSingle-nucleotide polymorphismGene
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes