Herbivory alters thermal responses of algae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The temperature-size rule (TSR) describes the widespread pattern in which organisms grown at higher temperatures mature at smaller adult sizes, or exhibit smaller cell sizes in the case of microbes. Although the TSR has been shown in a wide range of taxa, most TSR studies have been conducted in the absence of species interactions such as competitors, parasites or predators. Given that these interactions are ubiquitous in nature, here we examine how the presence of a live herbivore (Daphnia pulex) affects the response of a cosmopolitan green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) to the thermal environment. In the absence of direct herbivory, algae exhibited the characteristic TSR, exhibiting smaller cells, and smaller colonies at higher temperatures. However, in the presence of Daphnia herbivory, we saw no evidence of the TSR. Rather, both cell and colony size were uniform across the three rearing temperatures. These results suggest that Daphnia consume larger-sized algae at cooler temperatures, and smaller-sized algae at higher temperatures. Overall this study demonstrates that species interactions such as herbivory can alter the response of primary producers to the thermal environment, and suggests that the TSR may be readily modified in the natural world, where predators, herbivores and competitors abound.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".