Nodding syndrome phenotypes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nodding syndrome (NS) is a progressive encephalopathy of children and adolescents characterized by seizures, including periodic vertical head nodding. Epidemic NS, which has affected parts of East Africa, appears to have clinical overlap with sub-Saharan Nakalanga syndrome (NLS), a brain disorder associated with pituitary dwarfism that appears to have a patchy distribution across sub-Sahara. Clinical stages of NS include inattention and blank stares, vertical head nodding, convulsive seizures, multiple impairments, and severe cognitive and motorsystem disability, including features suggesting parkinsonism. Head nodding episodes occur in clusters with an electrographic correlate of diffuse high-amplitude slow waves followed by an electrodecremental pattern with superimposed diffuse fast activity. Brain imaging reveals differing degrees of cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy. Brains of NS-affected children with mild frontotemporal cortical atrophy display neurofibrillary pathology and dystrophic neurites immunopositive for tau, consistent with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The etiology of NS and NLS appears to be dominated by environmental factors, including malnutrition, displacement, and nematode infection, but the specific cause is unknown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".