Corporate Social Responsibility in Emerging Markets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this chapter, we explore the rise and proliferation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in emerging markets. We trace the history of CSR in emerging markets, a process that grew, in part, from criticisms of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the global economy. We then turn our attention to the principal macro- and meso-level conceptual and theoretical lenses that have been used to inform the study of CSR in emerging markets, namely, institutional theory and cross-cultural perspectives. Finally, we review firm, network, and stakeholder perspectives that have guided the study of CSR in emerging markets. We consider the literature and practical accounts that have explored CSR by developed country MNEs in emerging markets, as well as the emerging literature on CSR by emerging market firms and MNEs (EMMNEs). We conclude with our overall assessment of the current understandings of CSR in emerging markets and make recommendations for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".