CMOS Voltage Reference Using a Self-Cascode Composite Transistor and a Schottky Diode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents an investigation of the temperature behavior of self-cascode composite transistors (SCCTs). Results supported by silicon measurements show that SCCTs can be used to generate a proportional to absolute temperature voltage or even a temperature-compensated voltage. Based on the achieved results, a new circuit topology of a resistorless voltage reference circuit using a Schottky diode is also presented. The circuit was fabricated in a 130 nm BiCMOS process and occupied a silicon area of 67.98 µm × 161.7 µm. The averaged value of the output voltage is 720.4 mV, and its averaged line regulation performance is 2.3 mV/V, calculated through 26 characterized chip samples. The averaged temperature coefficient (TC) obtained through five chip samples is 56 ppm/°C in a temperature range from −40 to 85 °C. A trimming circuit is also included in the circuit topology to mitigate the impact of the fabrication process effects on its TC. The circuit operates with a supply voltage range from 1.1 to 2.5 V.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".