Molecular phylogeny places the enigmatic subfamily Masoninae within the Ichneumonidae, not the Braconidae
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Masoninae (type genus Masona van Achterberg) is a widespread but seldom collected group of morphologically aberrant tiny (body length 2 mm or less) wasps that have always been considered as a subfamily of Braconidae, albeit on little supporting evidence. Discovery of a fully winged female of Masona from remote Australia has enabled a reassessment of its relationships. This specimen yielded sequence data for the nuclear 28S and 18S rDNA genes, the barcoding fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene. These were analysed separately and together, along with representatives of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae. Maximum likelihood analyses of all four genes separately and combined concur that Masona is nested within the Ichneumonidae and, therefore, is not a member of Braconidae. This is also supported by the position of the sternaulus low on mesopleuron, absence of fore wing vein (RS + M)a (though the great reduction in wing venation makes further interpretation problematic) and the articulated junction of metasomal tergites 2 and 3. On balance, molecular analyses place Masona basally among the ophioniformes lineage of Ichneumonidae. Formal description of the Australian species as Masona timpaynei Quicke sp. n. and a revised diagnosis of Masoninae are provided in S1 together with illustration of the holotype.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it