Batch and fixed-bed mode mercury uptake by a modified adsorbent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current study deals with the removal of mercury ions from aqueous solutions by sulfurized and original activated carbons (ACs) in the batch and fixed bed modes. The modified sample containing sulfur groups showed higher uptake capacities and larger breakpoints. The XPS and EDS analyses confirmed the introduction of carbon–sulfur bonds onto the AC’s surface after impregnation with dimethyl-disulfide. In the work, the diffusional models named, “Film Pore Concentration-Dependent Surface Diffusion (FPCDSD)” and “Axial dispersion Film Pore Concentration-Dependent Surface Diffusion (AFPCDSD)” were respectively applied to explain the batch and bed-mode kinetic data to clarify the rate-controlling mechanisms and estimate the diffusional/mass transfer properties of adsorbate–adsorbent systems. In all cases, the sulfurized AC showed greater Ds (surface diffusivity) values attributed to the higher mercury loading on this sorbent which facilitates ion hopping on the surface sites. The internal and film diffusions both played notable roles in mercury adsorption mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".