Effect of Foot Reflexology on Stress and Anxiety during Pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is a period of great stress to a woman both physically and mentally. There is a varied prev-alence of pregnancy anxiety at different trimesters of pregnancy with high levels in first and third trimesters.Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to determine effect of foot reflexology on stress and anxiety during preg-nancy.Patients and Methods: Fifty pregnant women diagnosed clinically by gynecologist/physician as primigravida at their third trimester, they were selected from Outpatient Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Damanhour Medical National Institute suffering from anxiety based on psychiatric assess-ment. Their age ranged from 20 to 30 years. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) <-30kg/m2. They were assigned randomly into two Groups (A,B) equal in numbers. Group (A) received diaphragmatic breathing exercise, 5-10 minutes, 3-4 times per day for 6 weeks. While, Group (B) received diaphragmatic breathing exercise plus reflexology on pressure points in feet for 30 minutes per session, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. Stress and anxiety were evaluated by blood pressure, pulse rate and Hamilton anxiety rating scale before and after the intervention.Results: There was a highly statistical significant decrease in median value of Hamilton anxiety scale of study Group (B) when compared with its corresponding value in control Group (A) with p-value=0.001.Conclusion: These results suggested that the foot reflex-ology was very effective method in improving stress and anxiety during pregnancy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".