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Record W2987730132 · doi:10.3138/cpp.2018-049

New Canada Pension Plan Enhancements: What Will They Mean for Canadian Seniors?

2019· article· en· W2987730132 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Bonnie‐Jeanne MacDonald

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Public Policy · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldDecision Sciences
Topicdemographic modeling and climate adaptation
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEarningsSocial securityPensionLiberian dollarMicrosimulationPaymentDemographic economicsPopulationPension planEconomicsBusinessActuarial sciencePublic economicsFinanceMedicineEngineeringEnvironmental health

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

How much of the enhanced Canada Pension Plan (CPP) benefit will make its way into the pockets of Canadian seniors, after it filters through Canada’s complex tax and social benefit system as income? How much will it help Canadians to maintain their living standards in retirement? To answer these and other questions, this study builds on Statistics Canada’s LifePaths dynamic microsimulation model of the Canadian population to project the implications of the CPP enhancements at full maturity (years 2070–2074). The enhancements will on average increase CPP benefits by 44 per cent across Canadian seniors. For every dollar of new CPP benefits a worker earns, approximately 62 cents will make it into their pocket. This proportion is reasonably consistent across Canadians with different lifetime earnings levels, but the dynamics vary greatly as larger CPP benefits are offset by diverse combinations of higher taxes and reduced payments from Old Age Security and Guaranteed Income Supplement. The enhancements will improve the retirement income adequacy of Canadians, particularly the third of the population without significant workplace pensions in retirement, helping an additional 12 per cent of this group to maintain their living standards in retirement.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScholarly communication, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.486
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.066
GPT teacher head0.314
Teacher spread0.248 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2019
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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