Diagnosis and management of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload in adults and children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload ( TACO ) is a severe transfusion adverse reaction that is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The incidence of TACO in adults varies from 1% to 8%; the incidence in the paediatric population is variable according to the different studies. TACO usually occurs in patients who receive a large volume of blood product over a short period of time. It is more common in patients with known risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, renal failure and older or younger age. The typical presentation of TACO is respiratory distress (dyspnoea, tachypnea). Associated signs and symptoms are hypoxia, hypertension, tachycardia, positive fluid balance, high central venous pressure and acute or worsening pulmonary oedema on chest X‐ray. Echocardiography and measurement of brain natriuretic peptide is helpful for diagnosis. Several definition criteria have been proposed for TACO , but none are adapted for children, particularly critically ill children who are more at risk. In a recent study, the incidence of TACO was compared among paediatric intensive care unit patients using different definition criteria. TACO incidence varied from 1·5% to 76%, depending on the definition used. With such wide variability, conclusion was that a more operational definition of TACO is needed in paediatrics, particularly for critically ill children. Treatment for TACO is similar to that of any other cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: oxygen, diuresis and ventilatory support. Prevention is possible by avoiding unnecessary transfusions, transfusing only the necessary amount of blood product, avoiding rapid transfusions and using diuretics.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".