Urinary 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in pregnant women from Mexico City: distribution, temporal variability, and relationship with child attention/hyperactivit
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed and studied cognitive and behavioral disorder in school-age children. The etiology of ADHD and ADHD-related behavior is unclear, but genetic and environmental factors, such as pesticides, have been hypothesized. Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between in uteroexposure to chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and/or 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) and ADHD in school-age Mexican children. The temporal reliability of repeated maternal urinary TCPY concentrations across trimesters was also explored. Methods: From a prospective birth cohort, third trimester urinary TCPY concentrations in 187 mother-child pairs were measured. Child neurodevelopment in children 6-11 years of age was assessed using Conners’ Parental Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R), Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2). Multivariable linear regression models were used to test relationships for all children combined and also stratified by sex. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) calculations were based on a random effects model. Results: The ICC was 0.41 for uncorrected TCPY, and ranged from 0.29 to 0.32 for specific gravity-corrected TCPY. We did not observe any statistically significant associations between tertiles of maternal TCPY concentrations and ADHD-related outcomes in children, however, we found suggestive evidence of effect modification by sex for ADHD in boys (?= 5.55 points; 95% CI(-0.19, 11.3); p=0.06) and attention problems in girls (?=5.81 points; 95% CI(-0.75, 12.4); p=0.08). Conclusions: Considering the continued widespread agricultural and possible residential use of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl in Mexico and the educational implications of cognitive and behavior deficits, these results are important and deserve further study.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it