Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vulvar melanoma (VuM) and vaginal melanoma (VaM) represent a unique subgroup of malignant melanomas with important differences in biology and treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and prognosis of VuM and VaM in a large representative cohort. METHODS: Women with invasive VuM or VaM were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-18 population representing 27.8% of the US population. Data on age, ethnicity, stage, location, histopathology, primary surgery, and lymphadenectomy were collected. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze disease-specific and overall survival. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to identify factors with a significant association with disease-specific survival. RESULTS: A total of 1400 VuM and 463 VaM were included for further analysis; 78.6% and 49.7% of women with VuM and VaM underwent surgery, but only 52.9% of women with non-metastatic VuM and 42.9% of women with non-metastatic VaM undergoing surgery had lymph node assessment; one third of these had positive nodes. Superficial spreading was the most common subtype in VuM, and nodular melanoma in VaM (p < 0.001). The median disease-specific survival was 99 months (95% confidence interval 60-138) and 19 months (95% confidence interval 16-22), respectively. Survival was significantly associated with age at diagnosis, ethnicity, stage, surgery, lymph node metastases, histologic subtype, ulceration, mitotic count, and tumor thickness in VuM, and stage, surgery, and lymph node involvement in VaM. In the Cox model, lymph node status and number of mitoses remained independent predictors of outcome in VuM; in VaM, only lymph node status remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prognosis of VuM and VaM remains poor. The American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system is applicable and should be used for VuM; however, lymph node status and mitotic rate are the most important predictors of survival. Lymph node status should be assessed and patients with positive nodes may be candidates for adjuvant treatment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it