The health of children deprived of liberty: a human rights issue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The UN Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty launched its final report on Nov 19, 2019, in Geneva, estimating that between 3·5 and 5·5 million children worldwide are living in institutions for reasons related to care, administration of justice, migration, armed conflict, or national security. 1 Nowak M The United Nations Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty. United Nations, Geneva2019 Google Scholar As part of the Global Study, we reviewed literature on the health of children in each of these settings. We found that children deprived of liberty are distinguished by a high prevalence of physical and mental health problems. These conditions are often co-occurring, undiagnosed and un(der)treated, and frequently occur in the context of entrenched disadvantage and trauma. We also found evidence that deprivation of liberty can compound these problems and contribute to the development of new ones, particularly related to mental health and developmental disability. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) recommends that deprivation of liberty should be used only “as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time”. 2 UN General AssemblyThe United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations, New York1989 Google Scholar The picture painted by the Global Study is one of excessive and often harmful deprivation of liberty in diverse settings. There is much work to be done.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".