Identification of intermediate compounds and photodegradation mechanisms of omeprazole under the system UV/O<sub>2</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The photodegradation of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole (OME) in aqueous media with the system UV/O2 is presented. The photodegradation rate was assessed by HPLC and UV‐vis spectroscopy, while the mineralization rate was obtained by TOC measurements. Degradation products were investigated by IR spectroscopy and GC‐MS analysis. UV‐vis absorbance and HPLC results indicated that OME is completely degraded within 3 minutes of irradiation. TOC analysis indicated that intermediates compounds are relatively easy to mineralize since 80% mineralization is achieved within 2 hours. IR studies demonstrated a rapid oxidation of OME leading to the formation of amines and both sulfonic and carboxylic acids. GC‐MS data indicated that the initial photoproducts are derivatives of both benzimidazole and pyridine produced after the photochemical cleavage of the C–S bond. Plausible mechanisms for the direct and indirect degradation of OME are given. In the photochemical degradation of OME, many intermediate compounds are actually generated. Several of them were generated from hydroxyl radical reactions, but some of them resulted from rearrangements, reductive reactions, and through the formation of highly reactive intermediates such as pseudo carbene, thiooxirane, and sulfenamide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".