Impact of Timing of Bisphenol A Exposure on Behavior, Executive Function, and Social Responses in Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor widely used in the production of plastics and resins. Animal and epidemiologic studies suggest that early life BPA exposure may adversely affect neurodevelopment, but few have determined if there are periods of heightened vulnerability. Methods: We explored the impact of the timing of BPA exposure on neurobehavioral outcomes in 8-year old children participating in a prospective cohort of 228 mother-child pairs from Cincinnati, OH. We measured BPA concentrations in spot urine samples collected from mothers at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation and children annually from 1-5 and at 8 years of age. At the 8-year visit, we administered the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to assess child behavior, executive function, and autistic behaviors, respectively. Outcomes were composite scores from each instrument. We tested differences in exposure-outcome associations across visits and estimated covariate-adjusted associations at each visit with a multiple informants model using repeated exposure measures as informants. Results: Associations between BPA and BRIEF scores differed across visits (heterogeneity p-value=0.16). A 10-fold increase in 4-year BPA was positively associated with worse BRIEF global executive composite (β=4.1; 95% CI: 0.3-7.8) and worse SRS (β=4.1; 95% CI: 0.1-8.1) scores. Child sex modified the associations of BPA with BASC-2 and SRS scores across visits (heterogeneity p-values=0.05 and 0.04, respectively). For example, a 10-fold increase in 8-year urinary BPA concentrations was associated with worse BASC-2 behavioral symptoms index scores in boys (β=5.5; 95% CI: 2.1-8.9), and 2-year BPA with worse SRS scores in girls (β=4.9; 95% CI: 0.4-9.5). Conclusions: In this cohort, associations between BPA and child neurobehavior depended on the timing of BPA exposure and differed in boys and girls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".