Bibliographic record
Abstract
A criterion in the spirit of Rosenlicht is given, on the rational function <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(x)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, for when the planar vector field <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartBinomialOrMatrix y prime equals x y Choose x prime equals f left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndBinomialOrMatrix"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="1"> <mml:mtable rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="0.333em" displaystyle="false"> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\left \{\begin {smallmatrix} y’=xy\\ x’=f(x) \end {smallmatrix}\right \}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> admits a pair of algebraically independent first integrals over some extension of the base field. This proceeds from model-theoretic considerations by working in the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic zero and asking: If <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D subset-of-or-equal-to double-struck upper A Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">A</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D\subseteq \mathbb A^1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is a strongly minimal set internal to the constants, when is <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="log Subscript delta Superscript negative 1 Baseline left-parenthesis upper D right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>δ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo></mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\operatorname {log}_{\delta }^{-1}(D)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, the pullback of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> under the logarithmic derivative, itself internal to the constants?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".