Climatic and anthropogenic regulation of carbon transport and transformation in a karst river-reservoir system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of dams on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) transport and riverine ecosystems is unclear in karst cascade reservoirs. Here, we analyzed water samples from a karst river system with seven cascade reservoirs along the Wujiang River, southwestern China, during one hydrological year. From upstream to downstream, the average concentration of DIC increased from 2.2 to 2.6 mmol/L and its carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C DIC ) decreased from −8.0 to −10‰. Meanwhile, the air temperature (Ta) increased from 20.3 °C to 26.7 °C and 10 °C to 13.7 °C in the warm and cold seasons, respectively. The results suggest that a cascade of dams has a stronger effect on DIC dynamics and retention than a single dam. The good correlation between Ta/HRT (hydraulic retention time) and Δ[DIC] as well as Δ[δ 13 C DIC ] mean that Ta and HRT affected the magnitude of the damming effect by altering changes in concentration of DIC and δ 13 C DIC in the reservoir compared to the inflowing water. In particular, daily regulated reservoirs with short retention times acted more like river corridors and had a smaller effect on carbon dynamics, so modulating retention time might be used reduce the effect of dams on the riverine ecosystem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".