Exacerbation risk after night-time waking due to asthma in SYGMA 1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: In mild asthma, as-needed budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FORM) reduces exacerbation risk vs as-needed terbutaline, with similar reduction to BUD maintenance + as-needed terbutaline (SYGMA 1; NCT02149199). Aims and Objectives: A post-hoc analysis of SYGMA 1 examined the short-term risk of exacerbations following night-time waking due to asthma. Methods: 3836 mild asthma patients received placebo twice-daily (bid) + terbutaline 0.5mg as-needed, placebo bid + as-needed BUD/FORM 200/6µg or BUD 200µg bid + as-needed terbutaline. Cox regression analysis estimated time to first severe or moderate/severe exacerbation in the 21 days after two consecutive nights’ waking due to asthma. Results: The frequency of night-time waking due to asthma was low (median nights: as-needed terbutaline, 5.7%; as-needed BUD/FORM, 2.9%; BUD maintenance, 1.8%). More patients had ≥1 episode of two consecutive nights’ waking in the 12-month study with as-needed terbutaline (64.5%) than with as-needed BUD/FORM (52.8%, p<0.0001) or BUD maintenance (45.2%, p<0.0001). As-needed BUD/FORM and BUD maintenance significantly reduced severe exacerbations in the following 21-days vs as-needed terbutaline, with similar results for moderate/severe exacerbations (Figure). Conclusions: In mild asthma, as-needed BUD/FORM reduces short-term exacerbation risk after two consecutive nights of asthma waking vs as-needed terbutaline, with comparable efficacy to BUD maintenance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".