The relationship between aortic calcification and anastomotic leak following gastrointestinal resection: A systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leak (AL) is a significant complication of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Impaired perfusion of the anastomosis is thought to play an important role. The degree of aortic calcification (AC) visible on preoperative CT imaging may be associated with an increased risk of AL following GI resection. This review assessed the relationship between AC and AL in patients undergoing GI resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were systematically searched between 1946 and 2019. Relevant keywords were grouped to form a sensitive search strategy: surgical procedure (e.g. digestive system surgical procedure), calcification (e.g. vascular calcification, calcium score) and outcome (e.g. anastomotic leak). Studies assessing the degree of AC on preoperative imaging in relation to AL in adult patients requiring resection and anastomosis were included. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Bias was assessed using the RevMan risk of bias tool. RESULTS: Nine observational studies were included: four in patients undergoing oesophageal resection (n = 1446) and five in patients undergoing colorectal resection (n = 556). AL occurred in 20% of patients following oesophagectomy and 14% of patients following colorectal resection. Adjustment for relevant confounders was limited in most studies. Two studies reported a relationship between the degree of AC and AL in patients undergoing oesophagectomy, independent of age and comorbidity. One study reported an association between AC and AL following colorectal resection, while three studies reported higher calcium scores in the iliac arteries of patients who developed colorectal AL. Overall study quality was moderate to good using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Detection and reporting bias was evident in the studies examining AL following colorectal resection. CONCLUSION: The current evidence suggests that the degree of AC may be associated with the development of AL, in particular in patients undergoing oesophagectomy. Further prospective data with adequate adjustment for confounders are required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018081128.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".