Integrated capacitive sensor devices aerosol jet printed on 3D objects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A functional capacitive sensing device with five touch points was fabricated on the curved surfaces of polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene piping. The capacitive touch sensor points and conductive traces were printed with an Optomec™ Aerosol Jet printer using silver nanoparticle ink. We present a solution to a common problem with hybrid printed electronics of transitioning from the printed electronic components on a three-dimensional object to traditional rigid circuit board electronics. We highlight the need for CAD/CAM technology as an essential tool for printing on three-dimensional surfaces. The capacitive touch sensor library of an Arduino Uno Bard Rev 3 microcontroller enabled the detection of contact at the printed touch points. Corresponding LEDs attached to the surface of the pipe light up to indicate contact at the touch points. This hybrid printed electronic device presents a fully integrated and functioning electronic device printed on a three-dimensional surface and highlights the requirement of multidisciplinary knowledge for the field of hybrid printed electronics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".