Status, Indications, and Use of Cardiac Replacement Therapy in the Era of Multimodal Mechanical Approaches to Circulatory Support: A Scoping Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this review is to describe the current use, indications, and outcomes of the Syncardia temporary total artificial heart (TAH) (Syncardia Systems, Tucson, AZ, USA), the only TAH currently approved as a bridge-to-transplant strategy in Canada, the United States, and Europe. With more than 1700 implantations worldwide, the Syncardia temporary TAH is the most commonly used pump. Globally, it represents 2% of the long-term mechanical circulatory support devices implanted, with a recent decrease in its use. The main candidates for TAH are heart transplant candidates suffering from acute or decompensated chronic irreversible biventricular failure at high risk of imminent death and for whom a suitable donor is not available. Most patients receiving a TAH are acutely ill, characterized by an INTERMACS profile of 1 or 2, and 20% are under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The TAH provides efficient circulatory support and allows the end-organ to recover from the initial hypoperfusion injury. More than 60% of patients implanted with a Syncardia TAH will later undergo transplantation, with a 1-year survival rate of 70% after transplantation, compared with a 1-year survival rate of ∼ 42% in nontransplant patients. Bleeding, infection, stroke, and acute kidney injury are the most common complications in this critically ill population. The new miniaturization of the console (Freedom Portable Driver) facilitates the recovery of TAH recipients by allowing ambulation, aggressive physiotherapy, and, eventually, hospital discharge. This last aspect is one of the main benefits of TAH compared with other biventricular assist devices. In conclusion, the Syncardia temporary TAH is a reasonable bridge-to-transplant option for selected patients with either biventricular failure or special anatomic conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".