Prenatal Triclosan Concentrations during Fetal Development and Birth Outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent used in many consumer products and >85% of pregnant women in the United States have detectable levels of triclosan in urine. Triclosan may act as an endocrine disruptor to reduce the levels of thyroid hormones important for fetal growth and development. We investigated the relationship of prenatal triclosan exposure with birth anthropometry and gestational duration. Methods: Using data from a prospective cohort of 381 mother-child pairs from Cincinnati, OH, recruited from 2003-2006, we quantified triclosan concentrations in spot maternal urine samples collected at 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy. We abstracted information on neonatal anthropometry and gestational duration from medical records. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate the covariate-adjusted association between the average of the two triclosan concentrations and birth length, head circumference, sex- and gestational age-standardized birth weight z-score, and gestational age at birth. Results: Median urinary triclosan concentrations were 15 ng/mL (range:1.6 to 852). Triclosan concentrations at 16 and 26 weeks were strongly correlated (Pearson r=0.54). Each 10-fold increase in triclosan was associated with 0.19 unit decrease (95% CI: -0.35, -0.02) in birth weight z-score, 0.3 cm decrease (95% CI: -0.6, 0) in head circumference, 0.4 cm decrease (95% CI: -0.9, 0.1) in birth length, and 0.3 week decrease (95% CI: -0.6, 0) in gestational age. Adjusting for gestational age, each 10-fold increase in triclosan was associated with 0.2 cm (95% CI: -0.5, 0) decrease in head circumference and 0.1 cm (95% CI: -0.5, 0.3) decrease in birth length. We found no evidence that any associations were modified by child sex (all p-values were >0.38). Conclusions: In this cohort, higher maternal urinary triclosan concentrations during fetal development were associated with modest decreases in weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age at delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".