Shrub canopy induces a decline in lichen abundance and diversity in Nunavik (Québec, Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lichens are an important component of biodiversity in northern ecosystems and are involved in diverse ecological processes. They contribute to nutrient availability through nitrogen fixation, are a substantial part of caribou winter diet, and influence global climate by increasing land surface albedo. Over the last decades, increased primary productivity in northern ecosystems, mainly associated with the expansion of shrub species, has led to a decline of lichen-dominated areas. We evaluated the impacts of shrubs on lichens by comparing lichen communities in the open environment and underneath dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) canopy in Nunavik, Canada. Our results showed a decrease in abundance, richness and evenness and a shift in community composition between open areas and understory. These changes were mainly induced by the presence of a shrub canopy rather than by its characteristics, because shrub height and canopy closure had little effect. Richness and evenness dropped from shrub edge to shrub center, suggesting that the intensity of the decline was positively correlated to the time spent under the shrub canopy. Important changes in lichen communities are therefore expected to occur with further shrub expansion and may have substantial unfavorable implications for global climate and ecosystem functioning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".