Disease Activity in Spondyloarthropathy: Does it affect Vascular Health?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation in spondyloarthropathy (SpA) is associated with accelerated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) detects endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis respectively, responsible for atherosclerotic CVD. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the association of disease activity in SpA with surrogate markers of CVD, i.e., FMD and cIMT. METHODS: Fifty patients of Axial SpA (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis Society-ASAS 2009 criteria) (<5 years disease duration) and 50 control subjects, matched for age (33.7±8.8 vs. 33.7±8.4 years) and sex, with no CV risk factors were recruited. Ultrasound assessment of FMD of brachial artery and cIMT of both common carotid arteries were performed. Measurements were compared between patients and controls by Student's t test. Association of disease activity in SpA patients with FMD and cIMT, were evaluated by Pearson/Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: FMD (4.9±1.4 vs. 8.7±1.6 %) and cIMT (0.52±0.04 vs. 0.44±0.11 mm), were impaired in SpA patients than healthy controls (all p<0.05). However, subjects in both the groups had no difference in age and body mass index with similar, within normal range blood pressure and lipid profile. CONCLUSION: We observed that FMD and cIMT were deranged in SpA, and higher disease activity in SpA was associated with impaired FMD and cIMT. However, a larger population with a prospective study-design would further confirm this relationship between SpA disease activity and CVD surrogate markers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".