412 Supplementation of high-grain diet with brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates reduced protein degradability and methane production in Rusitec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The objectives were to investigate the effect of supplementing brewers’ spent grain (BSG) protein hydrolysates on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, gas production and microbial protein synthesis in Rusitec. The experiment was a completely randomized design with four treatments assigned to sixteen fermenters in two Rusitec apparatuses. Protein hydrolysates from BSG were prepared using two proteases (Alclase and Flavourzyme) at 1% protease of BSG protein under optimum pH and temperature conditions. The treatments were control diet consisting of 10% barley silage and 90% barley concentrate (DM basis), control diet supplemented with alcalase hydrolysates (AlcH) or flavourzyme hydrolysates (FlaH) at 10 g/kg of diet DM, or antibiotics (Ant; 33 mg monensin + 11 mg tylosin/kg diet DM). The study consisted of 8 d for adaptation and 7 d for sampling. It was highest (P < 0.01) with control and AlcH, intermediate with FlaH and lowest with Ant for digestibility of DM (76.5, 76.1, 75.3, 72.7%), CP (75.1, 75.4, 73.4, 69.7%) and starch (90.7, 90.8, 89.5, 87.8%). Digestibility of NDF did not differ among control, AlcH and FlaH (average 39.3%), but higher (P < 0.01) than Ant (31.8%). Production of NH3-N (mmol/d) was greater (P < 0.01) in the order of AlcH and FlaH (average 4.1) > control (3.7) > Ant (2.6). The VFA production (average 54.3 mmol/d) and acetate/propionate ratio (average 0.79) were not different among control, AlcH and FlaH, but greater (P < 0.01) than Ant (48.9 mmol/d, and 0.69). Total gas production were not affected by treatments, but CH4 production (mg/g digested DM) was lower (P < 0.01) for FlaH (3.5) and Ant (2.2) than control (3.8). Microbial protein production (mg/d) was lesser (P < 0.05) for FlaH (476) and Ant (459) than control (502). These results indicate that adding FlaH in high-grain diet effectively reduced rumen CH4 production and CP degradability without affecting fibre digestion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".