Bibliographic record
Abstract
This collection of essays shows how the American colonies' independence depended on an international crisis brought about by their rebellion. Seventeen historians from eight countries (museum curators, public historians, historians of science, historians of the Anglo-American colonial and revolutionary periods, and naval and military historians of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Spain, India, and the United States) provide a multifaceted but coherent account of the American Revolution's international geopolitics. Drawing on the collections and expertise of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, it uses visual evidence to enrich, not just illustrate, its analysis. Naval power was crucial to the conduct and outcome of the Revolutionary War. In the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the United Kingdom headed an anti-French coalition in theaters on the European continent and extending to the Americas, India, and the Pacific. In the War of American Independence, Britain had no allies, and, with the exceptions of the Gibraltar and Minorcan campaigns, fought overseas. Most of its previous allies and enemies formed the League of Armed Neutrality to trade with France, while Britain's outright enemies each fought for separate strategic reasons that “had little or nothing to do with aiding American independence” (p. 6). Spain, for example, was an ally of France, but not of the United States.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".