Quintuple helix and innovation on performance of SMEs within ability of SMEs as a mediator variable: A comparative study of creative industry in Indonesia and Spain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of (1) quintuple helix on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance; (2) ability of SMEs on SMEs performance; (3) quintuple helix on ability of SMEs; (4) innovation on SMEs performance and (5) innovation on ability of SMEs. The analysis uses quantitative analysis, as a descriptive analysis as well as inferential statistics. Respondents are taken from the population of the craft subsector of creative industries, governments, academicians, media-based and culture-based public, in addition to natural environments of society in creative industrial cluster cities in Spain (50 samples) and Indonesia (50 samples). The results of the study identify the significant influence of: (1) quintuple helix on SMEs performance; (2) ability on SMEs performance; and (5) innovation on ability of SMEs. On the other hand, they show the non-significant influence of (3) quintuple helix on ability of SMEs and (4) innovation on SMEs performance in craft cluster creative industry in Indonesia. Regarding the craft creative industry in Spain, the results show the significant influence of (2) ability of SMEs on SMEs performance, (3) quintuple helix on ability of SMEs; (4) innovation on SMEs performance and (5) innovation on ability of SMEs, but the non-significant influence of (1) quintuple helix on SMEs performance. The comparative study results show that the relationship of (2) ability of SMEs on SMEs performance, (5) innovation on ability of SMEs, both in Indonesia and Spain, were significant. On the other hand, there are some significant relationship of (3) quintuple helix on ability of SMEs and (4) innovation on SMEs performance in Spain but such relationships do not exist in Indonesia. Moreover, while the effect of (1) quintuple helix on SMEs performance is significant in Indonesia, it is not significant in Spain. Furthermore, the mediation function shows the inverted result on indirect relationship of quintuple helix on SMEs performance through ability of SMEs in Indonesia, but full mediation in Spain, whereas the effect of innovation on SMEs performance through ability of SMEs is observed as full mediation in Indonesia, but partial mediation in Spain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".