Staging Diaspora, Dramatizing Activism: Fashioning a Progressive Filipino Canadian Theatre in Toronto, 1974–2001
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the 1980s and 1990s, Toronto became home to a thriving Filipino Canadian theatre community, which had significant roots in earlier left-wing political groups organizing from afar against the Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines. The most prominent company, the Carlos Bulosan Cultural Workshop (CBCW), used dramatic works to highlight a range of issues facing Filipinos in Canada, from the exploitation of domestic workers to employment discrimination, gender-based violence to neo-colonial and neo-liberal economic regimes. This article traces the history of that company, from its origins in Toronto’s 1970s anti-Marcos activist circles to its 1990s stage explorations of Philippine colonial and revolutionary histories. It contends that the CBCW’s activist and theatrical labour, by fostering a transnational critical political consciousness, should complicate assimilation-oriented analyses of immigration and incorporation in Canada. It asserts that the group’s efforts at forging diasporic connections across time and space, along with its attempt to politicize Toronto’s Filipino populace, provided an implicit rebuke to reigning Canadian constructions of multiculturalism and “ethnic” arts. Finally, it situates the company’s history as a demonstration of the important role of artistic and representational means in political struggles waged by Filipinos and other racialized communities in late twentieth-century Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.044 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".